一个加拿大互联网监督组织警告从事国际发展的民间组织必须在信息安全上提高警惕,谨防电子间谍攻击电脑和信息系统,尤其要防止由国家支持的攻击行动,包括封杀网站、关闭手机网络,以及窃取机密资讯。
罗贺辛斯基是设在渥太华的智库赛克德福(SecDev)集团的创办人。他同公民实验室的研究人员合作在多伦多大学蒙克国际研究中心,经过10个月的努力,追踪一个电子间谍系统“幽灵网”。2009年3月29日,纽约时报将其曝光,引起全球震撼。最近罗贺辛斯基在加拿大国际发展研究中心的一个会议上发言指出,由国家支持的攻击行动,封杀网站、关闭手机网络,正日益被用来对付民间组织,尤其是当民间组织的工作对政治或社会进程产生重大影响的时候。他又说,在发展中国家开展工作的民间组织,如果不能在数码时代加速增强信息安全,那么他们等于在置他们所帮助的个人和社区于危险之中。
2009年3月发现的这个称为幽灵网(GhostNet)的电子间谍系统,在不到两年的时间内就入侵了103个国家的1295台电脑。但在纽约时报于3月29日将其曝光后两天,这个幽灵网就突然关闭消失了。那些被入侵电脑的几乎三分之一都是所谓高价值目标,属于外交部、大使馆、新闻机构、国际组织,和非政府组织;其中包括了达赖喇嘛办公室、俄罗斯驻北京大使馆、伊朗和印度尼西亚外交部、印度外事服务处和亚洲发展银行。这些电脑平均被入侵时间为145天,最长的达660天。
这一网络的指挥和控制中心一直被设在中国南部的海南岛,但是研究人员小心翼翼地没有一口咬定这一点。他们说他们不能十分肯定幽灵网是政府的行为,还是犯罪集团行为,还是自由骇客自己动手的行为。研究人员在他们的报告《跟踪幽灵网——调查间谍网》中写道:“谁在幽灵网背后这一问题最终可能比搜集被入侵目标的战略意义要小得多。”“这一研究发现的是一个很严肃的证据,即信息安全是必须在最高层次引起注意的紧急事项。”乍一看去,电子间谍可能是一个与那些从事国际发展的民间组织毫无关系的神秘世界。但是罗贺辛斯基说:“网络安全和网络间谍都会对我们的工作产生深远影响。”
过去,传统的讯号情报主要强调截获通讯,无论讯号是通过电报、电传、电话,或邮寄,它们都是被送往接受者。但是互联网改变了一切。信息现在可以在其送往任何地方之前从源头被调出,而使用随处可得的低科技工具来搜集信息的成本是最低的。罗贺辛斯基说,现在搜集信息既容易又便宜,而非政府组织比15年前更容易成为目标。他说,搜集危机中弱势群体资料的非政府组织如果他们的信息被盗等于把这些弱势群体置于更加危险的境地。甚至看上去并很普通的文件如会议参与者名单,如果落入别有用心者手中也会具有战略意义。
他说,“很重要的是要认识到作为非政府组织,尤其是那些与处于险境的群体合作的时候,你正在搜集的是个人信息,这些信息可以有很不同的用途,事实上,可以是被用于与你的目的正相反的用途。”
因此,对于你搜集的信息,如何保存和使用都必须建立严格的规定。可是,大多数发非政府组织和研究机构在信息安全方面都做得很差,认识程度极低。而商业软件又不足以阻挡这种攻击。
罗贺辛斯基说,互联网正成为更加被控制和管制的领域。但是发达国家修补他们自己的数码安全的问题对发展中国家产生了释放出“一连串意想不到后果”的威胁。他警告说,这些危机将击退过去15年在电脑和互联网上已经取得的发展成果。随着时间的推移,发达国家的司法系统和强大的呼吁团体将可能解决这个问题。“但是对于这种情况也会在发展中国家发生却没有多少信心,因为在这个领域中那里专业知识参与政策层次对话的机制并不存在。”
罗贺辛斯基说,如果不按照我们对安全问题的严格定义,那么滥用安全问题就可能在发展中国家为其自己定义的安全问题打开方便之门,恐怖主义可能意味着排除任何一个政治团体,而“色情”也可能把当作文化问题的任何事情包括在内。罗贺辛斯基认为在发展中国家建立专业知识是一项如同90年代普及电脑和互联网一样重要的工作。
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Showing posts with label 安全. Show all posts
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Wednesday, 5 August 2009
Thursday, 2 October 2008
Skype China JV Monitoring Users' Activity -Researchers
A group of Canadian researchers said they found evidence suggesting that a Skype joint venture in China is monitoring its users' Internet text chats and storing messages that contain politically sensitive content on publicly-accessible servers.
In a report published Wednesday, the researchers allege that the monitoring-and-storage program led to the disclosure of millions of records containing personal information of users of the Chinese service, as well as who participated in voice calls using the service. It said the data was stored on eight servers operated by the service, which is a joint venture between Skype, a unit of eBay Inc. (EBAY), and TOM Online, a unit of Hong Kong-based TOM Group Ltd. (2383.HK)
The report was published by the Information Warfare Monitor and OpenNet Initiative-Asia, and written by Nart Villeneuve, a researcher at the University of Toronto who specializes in Internet censorship and evasion tactics used to bypass it.
Jennifer Caukin, a spokeswoman for Skype, said in an emailed statement that the security problem had been remedied as a result of the new report. The idea that China's government 'might be monitoring communications in and out of the country shouldn't surprise anyone,' Ms. Caukin said. 'Nevertheless, we were very concerned to hear about the apparent security issue' that enabled people to view user information, and 'we are pleased that, once we informed TOM about it, that they were able to fix the flaw.'
In a separate statement, TOM Group said that 'as a Chinese company, we adhere to rules and regulations in China where we operate our businesses.'
The findings, reported on the Web site of the New York Times Wednesday, appears to shed new light on the nature and scope of Internet monitoring in China. Researchers, human rights activists and others have long complained that the government here operates an extensive effort to block politically sensitive Web content and monitor email and other communications - often with the cooperation of Internet companies. But the details of those efforts are largely unclear.
Some users believe that Skype uses encryption that protects users from government monitoring, and the service has been widely used by dissidents in China for that reason.
The report leaves unclear what relationship, if any, the Chinese government may have had with the monitoring and storage effort it describes. But it says the records it uncovered on unsecured TOM-Skype servers included an encryption key that could be used to decrypt the data, and therefore could easily have been accessed by the government.
Personal information attached to those messages, and publicly accessible on the servers, included mobile phone accounts, mobile-phone text messages, and TOM-Skype usage information. The monitored messages included those from Skype users outside China who communicated with Tom-Skype users.
The report said the messages stored on the servers contained keywords relating to sensitive political topics such as Taiwan independence, political opposition to the Communist Party, and Falun Gong, the outlawed spiritual group. The evidence 'confirms that TOM-Skype is censoring and logging text chat messages that contain specific, sensitive keywords and may be engaged in more targeted surveillance,' the report says.
In a report published Wednesday, the researchers allege that the monitoring-and-storage program led to the disclosure of millions of records containing personal information of users of the Chinese service, as well as who participated in voice calls using the service. It said the data was stored on eight servers operated by the service, which is a joint venture between Skype, a unit of eBay Inc. (EBAY), and TOM Online, a unit of Hong Kong-based TOM Group Ltd. (2383.HK)
The report was published by the Information Warfare Monitor and OpenNet Initiative-Asia, and written by Nart Villeneuve, a researcher at the University of Toronto who specializes in Internet censorship and evasion tactics used to bypass it.
Jennifer Caukin, a spokeswoman for Skype, said in an emailed statement that the security problem had been remedied as a result of the new report. The idea that China's government 'might be monitoring communications in and out of the country shouldn't surprise anyone,' Ms. Caukin said. 'Nevertheless, we were very concerned to hear about the apparent security issue' that enabled people to view user information, and 'we are pleased that, once we informed TOM about it, that they were able to fix the flaw.'
In a separate statement, TOM Group said that 'as a Chinese company, we adhere to rules and regulations in China where we operate our businesses.'
The findings, reported on the Web site of the New York Times Wednesday, appears to shed new light on the nature and scope of Internet monitoring in China. Researchers, human rights activists and others have long complained that the government here operates an extensive effort to block politically sensitive Web content and monitor email and other communications - often with the cooperation of Internet companies. But the details of those efforts are largely unclear.
Some users believe that Skype uses encryption that protects users from government monitoring, and the service has been widely used by dissidents in China for that reason.
The report leaves unclear what relationship, if any, the Chinese government may have had with the monitoring and storage effort it describes. But it says the records it uncovered on unsecured TOM-Skype servers included an encryption key that could be used to decrypt the data, and therefore could easily have been accessed by the government.
Personal information attached to those messages, and publicly accessible on the servers, included mobile phone accounts, mobile-phone text messages, and TOM-Skype usage information. The monitored messages included those from Skype users outside China who communicated with Tom-Skype users.
The report said the messages stored on the servers contained keywords relating to sensitive political topics such as Taiwan independence, political opposition to the Communist Party, and Falun Gong, the outlawed spiritual group. The evidence 'confirms that TOM-Skype is censoring and logging text chat messages that contain specific, sensitive keywords and may be engaged in more targeted surveillance,' the report says.
SKYPE中国公司监控网上聊天
加拿大研究人员发现,网络电话公司Skype在中国的合资公司Tom-Skype监控并记录客户的网上文字聊天内容,如果包含政府禁止的政治敏感话题,会被Tom-Skype公司删掉。加拿大多伦多大学一个专门研究网络控制以及如何绕过网络控制技术的研究小组在星期三公布的报告中指称,他们在Tom-Skype监控并记录的资料中发现了数百万份记录,当中含有中国用户以及与他们通话的用户的个人资料。报告说,这些资料被储存在Tom-Skype公司的8个服务器上。Tom-Skype是网上拍卖公司eBay拥有的Skype公司和总部设在香港的Tom在线公司的合资公司。报告说,记录的个人信息包括手机账号、手机短信以及Tom-Skype的使用信息。被监控的信息还有与Tom-Skype用户通讯的国外用户的信息,而这些信息公众都可以通过Tom-Skype的服务器获得。储存在这些服务器中的信息包括与敏感的政治问题有关的词语,例如台独、法轮功以及反共的敏题。另外,民主、地震以及奶粉也在监控的范围内。Tom-Skype会过滤这些词汇,并记录下客户的个人身份信息。
这个消息出台后,再次引发公众对中国网络控制的程度和性质的关注。据了解,中国目前大约有3万多名网络警察,对网络聊天、网站以及博客等进行监控。华尔街日报援引Skype女发言人的话说,报告出台后,他们已经在对网络安全问题进行修补。他们在听到网络安全问题上出现明显的漏洞后非常关切。另外,他们已经通知Tom公司有关问题后,Tom表示他们能够修补这个问题。但是,Tom公司给美国之音的一份电子邮件声明中强调,“作为一个中国公司,我们遵守我们业务所在地中国的制度和规定”。
大赦国际东亚部负责人赖斯说,中国对网络进行监控,并不令人感到意外,但是由于很多人认为Skype 的服务器可以提供更加安全的保障,因此引发舆论哗然也是必然。赖斯说:“我想很多人认为Skype的服务可以提供额外的安全保障,这是无法通过其他公司获得的。这是Skype公司的优势。因此,这是公众为什么有这么大的反响的原因。”针对Tom公司的声明,赖斯说:“我理解他们的声明,他们有义务也愿意遵守所在国的法律,但是我认为他们也有必要敦促中国政府遵守国际法。”
报告中没有明确提到中国政府在这次监控和记录事件中的关系。但是研究人员说,政府应该很容易通过该公司的服务器获取这些资料。中国政府曾在2005年公布的网络规定中,“从维护国家安全和社会问题的大局出发”,会对网络聊天室、即时通讯群组、论坛、BBS、互联网短信等网络公共信息服务场所进行监控和清理。胡锦涛去年也曾说过,网上传播的意见应该符合“主流”。他表示,不会对政治意见直接采取审查措施,然而为了控制网络并达到在网络上担任“意见引领”的工作,应提升并加强人员的配置。所谓“意见引领”者,就是中共官方雇佣的网络评论员,俗称“五毛党”。
Tuesday, 16 September 2008
奶农不过是替死鬼而已
河北三鹿奶粉的“结石门”事件,历经数月,才终于在公众和网络舆论的压力之下很不情愿地浮出了水面。我们今天话题就从这里说起。有专家指出,与四年前发生在安徽阜阳的因食用劣质奶粉而造成百余名儿童受害、多人死亡的“大头娃娃”事件相比,这一次三鹿“问题奶粉”的后果更为严重。“因为它极易导致患儿的急性肾功能衰竭,而肾功能的损害一般来说是不可逆转的,也就是说,既便孩子保住了性命,也会落下终生的残疾”。考虑到在这次事件中,绝大部分的受害者都还只是襁褓中的婴儿,因此可以想见的是,它已经造成、并将继续给大量家庭带来终生的痛苦。但是,在此之前,人们看到的却是相关企业的百般推诿,甚至是撒谎,还有地方政府公开出面替企业掩盖问题并寻找替罪羊。人们也看到了三鹿集团的那份“危机公关”的秘密文件,他们不仅企图花费重金去堵住当事人的嘴,还准备花300万在百度的搜索引擎上删去相关的负面信息。
对此,有评论认为,到目前为止,事情虽然已经水落石出了,但其中暴露出来的问题却仍然值得我们深思。首先,早在今年6月,一些省份就已出现多起怀疑与“问题奶粉”有关的相似病例,家长们也通过政府的信息系统上报到了国家质检总局,但换来的却只是敷衍了事。其次,这么多来自不同地区的病例,早在7月就已经通过各地卫生厅上报了卫生部,但如此人命关天的大事为什么竟要时隔两个月之后才能水落石出呢?中选网网友 “公民社会比尔” 转贴的一篇博客文章接着说,不仅如此,在今年6月湖南的病例出现后,“问题奶粉”的厂家就曾专程登门造访过,应该说厂方自己很清楚其中的原因。但就在卫生部的新闻发布会召开之前的几个小时,他们却仍在为自己狡辩说:“三鹿奶粉完全符合国家质量标准,不排除有竞争对手栽脏”。可是,仅仅过了几个小时,当卫生部的新闻发布会刚一结束,他们的态度就来了个一百八十度的大转弯,立刻承认了三鹿奶粉的问题所在。
就在“问题奶粉”事件曝光后,三鹿集团又矢口否认添加三聚氰胺是发生在其生产环节中,并宣称,是不法奶农向鲜牛奶中掺入了三聚氰胺。对此,有化学专家和业内人士9月12号对《财经》杂志的记者表示,这种说法存在较多疑点。考虑到以目前的技术手段,如果加入三聚氰胺将改变鲜奶的营养比例,而这很容易就能够被检测出来。因此,要想让加入三聚氰胺后的鲜牛奶营养比例协调,通常需要同时再向鲜奶中加入水和脂肪,但一般的脂肪产品很难融入其中,还必须使用一种非常专业的匀质脂肪才行。不过,此类手法远非一般奶农所能掌握。所以说,在奶牛喂养和牛奶收购的过程中加入三聚氰胺的可能性是微乎其微的。
此外,近来网上出现了不少对三鹿这家国有企业表示支持的帖子,什么三鹿“一定要挺住”啊,什么“三鹿是民族品牌应该关照”啦等等,好象三鹿奶粉既便是掺入了氰化钾也是对的。现在又开始炒作什么“是不法奶农的投毒才导致了问题奶粉”。显而易见,这是那些别有用心的利益相关者在背后刻意策划的公关把戏,企图把一家毫无社会责任感、丧尽天良的黑心企业装扮成一个无辜的受害者。对此,网友 “蓝天一笑” 针对这些三鹿的支持者们提出质疑说,如果真的有所谓“不法奶农”向鲜奶中投毒的话,那么应该所有的品牌奶粉都跑不了,而不会仅仅是三鹿一家。因为在同一地区采购原料奶的企业还有很多家,而为什么却只有三鹿厂的这种低档奶粉出了问题呢?再说,三聚氰胺几乎不溶于水,要想让它和鲜奶均匀混合的话,可不是一般的技术。况且,其成本比奶粉本身的价格还要高出三倍多,奶农们除非是脑壳进水了,干嘛要拿钱倒贴给三鹿呢?
另据了解,三聚氰胺是一种化工原料,它可直接导致人体的泌尿系统产生结石。不过,由于其分子中含有大量氮元素,添加在饲料与食品中,可造成其蛋白质含量虚高的假象,还能大幅降低生产成本,这在中国的相关行业中早已经是一个公开的秘密。去年三月以来,中国江苏和山东的两家企业出口美国的宠物食品就曾导致大量的小猫小狗死亡,并使上千只宠物患上肾病,经美方查实,就是三聚氰胺惹的祸。只不过,这一次三鹿“问题奶粉”的受害者不再是美国的小动物,而是刚刚出生的中国婴儿了。
对此,有评论认为,到目前为止,事情虽然已经水落石出了,但其中暴露出来的问题却仍然值得我们深思。首先,早在今年6月,一些省份就已出现多起怀疑与“问题奶粉”有关的相似病例,家长们也通过政府的信息系统上报到了国家质检总局,但换来的却只是敷衍了事。其次,这么多来自不同地区的病例,早在7月就已经通过各地卫生厅上报了卫生部,但如此人命关天的大事为什么竟要时隔两个月之后才能水落石出呢?中选网网友 “公民社会比尔” 转贴的一篇博客文章接着说,不仅如此,在今年6月湖南的病例出现后,“问题奶粉”的厂家就曾专程登门造访过,应该说厂方自己很清楚其中的原因。但就在卫生部的新闻发布会召开之前的几个小时,他们却仍在为自己狡辩说:“三鹿奶粉完全符合国家质量标准,不排除有竞争对手栽脏”。可是,仅仅过了几个小时,当卫生部的新闻发布会刚一结束,他们的态度就来了个一百八十度的大转弯,立刻承认了三鹿奶粉的问题所在。
就在“问题奶粉”事件曝光后,三鹿集团又矢口否认添加三聚氰胺是发生在其生产环节中,并宣称,是不法奶农向鲜牛奶中掺入了三聚氰胺。对此,有化学专家和业内人士9月12号对《财经》杂志的记者表示,这种说法存在较多疑点。考虑到以目前的技术手段,如果加入三聚氰胺将改变鲜奶的营养比例,而这很容易就能够被检测出来。因此,要想让加入三聚氰胺后的鲜牛奶营养比例协调,通常需要同时再向鲜奶中加入水和脂肪,但一般的脂肪产品很难融入其中,还必须使用一种非常专业的匀质脂肪才行。不过,此类手法远非一般奶农所能掌握。所以说,在奶牛喂养和牛奶收购的过程中加入三聚氰胺的可能性是微乎其微的。
此外,近来网上出现了不少对三鹿这家国有企业表示支持的帖子,什么三鹿“一定要挺住”啊,什么“三鹿是民族品牌应该关照”啦等等,好象三鹿奶粉既便是掺入了氰化钾也是对的。现在又开始炒作什么“是不法奶农的投毒才导致了问题奶粉”。显而易见,这是那些别有用心的利益相关者在背后刻意策划的公关把戏,企图把一家毫无社会责任感、丧尽天良的黑心企业装扮成一个无辜的受害者。对此,网友 “蓝天一笑” 针对这些三鹿的支持者们提出质疑说,如果真的有所谓“不法奶农”向鲜奶中投毒的话,那么应该所有的品牌奶粉都跑不了,而不会仅仅是三鹿一家。因为在同一地区采购原料奶的企业还有很多家,而为什么却只有三鹿厂的这种低档奶粉出了问题呢?再说,三聚氰胺几乎不溶于水,要想让它和鲜奶均匀混合的话,可不是一般的技术。况且,其成本比奶粉本身的价格还要高出三倍多,奶农们除非是脑壳进水了,干嘛要拿钱倒贴给三鹿呢?
另据了解,三聚氰胺是一种化工原料,它可直接导致人体的泌尿系统产生结石。不过,由于其分子中含有大量氮元素,添加在饲料与食品中,可造成其蛋白质含量虚高的假象,还能大幅降低生产成本,这在中国的相关行业中早已经是一个公开的秘密。去年三月以来,中国江苏和山东的两家企业出口美国的宠物食品就曾导致大量的小猫小狗死亡,并使上千只宠物患上肾病,经美方查实,就是三聚氰胺惹的祸。只不过,这一次三鹿“问题奶粉”的受害者不再是美国的小动物,而是刚刚出生的中国婴儿了。
三鹿毒奶粉恶果扩大 舆论怀疑当局故意迟报
中国三鹿毒奶粉事件造成的恶果正一步步扩大。根据『甘肃日报』今天报道,又有一名婴儿在喝了三鹿奶粉后丧生。至此,已经有两名婴儿死于毒奶粉事件。而中国卫生部刚刚公布的最新统计证实了已经有两名婴儿死于毒奶粉,卫生部的数字还说,受到毒奶粉污染生病的婴儿已经多达1253名,其中340名婴儿住院治疗,而在住院治疗的婴儿中,53名病情严重。根据中共卫生部提供的情况,将近一万名婴儿使用了这种含毒的三鹿奶粉。
甘肃省是受三鹿奶粉毒害最严重的省份。『甘肃日报』今天援引当地卫生部门提供的消息说,截至星期一,这个省因喝三鹿奶粉患病的婴儿已从星期五的59人跃升为星期天的223人,增加了四倍。据分析,受害的儿童可能远远不止这些。被发现的患病婴儿越来越多。在刚刚过去的星期五,中国卫生部才宣布432名儿童受到了感染,今天早晨出版的中共英文报纸『中国日报』还报道说,三鹿奶粉的受害者为580人。现在最新的统计已经增加到1253人,短短几天增加将近三倍。而从各方面的统计来看,受害者的数字还在不断扩大之中。
三鹿毒奶粉事件造成的初步恶果已经十分令人震惊,根据陆续披露的情况,舆论界提出了几个令人难以解答的问题。
首先,三鹿集团的外资合作伙伴新西兰恒天然乳品公司早在八月二日就已经发现了奶品污染问题。根据该公司星期天发表的声明,他们当时就提出要求全面公开回收问题产品,并且一直在推动这件事。其实中国媒体早先也有过报道说,中国质量检验总局的网站上三月份就有人反映三鹿奶粉的问题,而三鹿集团在八月初也确认了奶粉的问题。为什么知错不改,将错就错,一直把问题拖到最近才公开出来?为什么三鹿集团迟至上周才通知把奶粉从货架上取下来。对此,媒体以及社会各界有许多疑问。质疑的核心有两点:究竟是谁在奶粉中加入了三聚氰胺?为什么把奶粉有害的信息拖延到九月中旬后才通报?人们的一个很大的疑问是,拖延通报三鹿毒奶粉事件是不是与北京举行奥运会有关?
在刚刚过去的星期六在北京举行的一次新闻发布会上,就有记者提问,三鹿毒奶粉的问题其实在奥运会之前就发生了,中国当局是不是担心这一事件披露后,会破坏奥运会的气氛?所以干脆拖而不报。中国卫生部党组书记高强坚称中国当局对这一事件的处理跟奥运会没有必然联系。他说河北省政府只是在九月八日接到石家庄市政府的报告,随后卫生部就把已经掌握的信息如实地通报给媒体了。对官方的解释,社会舆论似乎并不满意。有人批评说,要么知情不报,要么官方的效率也就太低下了。有的网民发表意见说,人命关天,无论如何也不能以牺牲孩子的健康为代价。还有的海外媒体报道说,有些消息称中宣部已在十四日下令内地媒体报道这一事件一律要以官方公布或新华社的报道为准。据称当局还封锁了相关的网络讨论,其目的是为了避免影响奥运后的中国形象云云。这一消息目前还无法证实,如果这一情况得到确证,只能更增加舆论的怀疑。
另外一个疑问是,奶类产品出问题其实以前就发生过,为什么还在继续发生呢?中国的食品安全问题何时才能解决呢?人们期待着中国当局进一步的解释。
甘肃省是受三鹿奶粉毒害最严重的省份。『甘肃日报』今天援引当地卫生部门提供的消息说,截至星期一,这个省因喝三鹿奶粉患病的婴儿已从星期五的59人跃升为星期天的223人,增加了四倍。据分析,受害的儿童可能远远不止这些。被发现的患病婴儿越来越多。在刚刚过去的星期五,中国卫生部才宣布432名儿童受到了感染,今天早晨出版的中共英文报纸『中国日报』还报道说,三鹿奶粉的受害者为580人。现在最新的统计已经增加到1253人,短短几天增加将近三倍。而从各方面的统计来看,受害者的数字还在不断扩大之中。
三鹿毒奶粉事件造成的初步恶果已经十分令人震惊,根据陆续披露的情况,舆论界提出了几个令人难以解答的问题。
首先,三鹿集团的外资合作伙伴新西兰恒天然乳品公司早在八月二日就已经发现了奶品污染问题。根据该公司星期天发表的声明,他们当时就提出要求全面公开回收问题产品,并且一直在推动这件事。其实中国媒体早先也有过报道说,中国质量检验总局的网站上三月份就有人反映三鹿奶粉的问题,而三鹿集团在八月初也确认了奶粉的问题。为什么知错不改,将错就错,一直把问题拖到最近才公开出来?为什么三鹿集团迟至上周才通知把奶粉从货架上取下来。对此,媒体以及社会各界有许多疑问。质疑的核心有两点:究竟是谁在奶粉中加入了三聚氰胺?为什么把奶粉有害的信息拖延到九月中旬后才通报?人们的一个很大的疑问是,拖延通报三鹿毒奶粉事件是不是与北京举行奥运会有关?
在刚刚过去的星期六在北京举行的一次新闻发布会上,就有记者提问,三鹿毒奶粉的问题其实在奥运会之前就发生了,中国当局是不是担心这一事件披露后,会破坏奥运会的气氛?所以干脆拖而不报。中国卫生部党组书记高强坚称中国当局对这一事件的处理跟奥运会没有必然联系。他说河北省政府只是在九月八日接到石家庄市政府的报告,随后卫生部就把已经掌握的信息如实地通报给媒体了。对官方的解释,社会舆论似乎并不满意。有人批评说,要么知情不报,要么官方的效率也就太低下了。有的网民发表意见说,人命关天,无论如何也不能以牺牲孩子的健康为代价。还有的海外媒体报道说,有些消息称中宣部已在十四日下令内地媒体报道这一事件一律要以官方公布或新华社的报道为准。据称当局还封锁了相关的网络讨论,其目的是为了避免影响奥运后的中国形象云云。这一消息目前还无法证实,如果这一情况得到确证,只能更增加舆论的怀疑。
另外一个疑问是,奶类产品出问题其实以前就发生过,为什么还在继续发生呢?中国的食品安全问题何时才能解决呢?人们期待着中国当局进一步的解释。
Delayed Reporting of Sanlu Formula Incident Linked to Olympic Games?
The Sanlu Milk Powder Incident, which caused at least 432 Chinese babies to suffer from kidney stones, is the current focus of debate. The relevant government agency made it public at least six weeks after the incident and did not give a convincing response to the question of whether or not the delay was due to the Olympics Game. Some people have stated that the Olympic Games cannot be an excuse for such a delay or the hiding of facts. It seems that the Sanlu incident is only the tip of iceberg of the food safety problem in China.According to Chinese media in March 2008, some people already reported about the problem with Sanlu tainted milk powder to China’s General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine. On Aug. 1, Sanlu Group received expert advice that their products have been contaminated. However, the Sanlu Group did not launch a recall until Sept. 11. As a foreign partner holding 43% of the share, the Fonterra Farmer’s Cooperative in New Zealand issued a statement on August 2, saying that they have requested the board of directors to recall the pollution formula when they found the contamination problem on August 2. The statement said that they had been making a push to recall the problematic products since they found the problem.
The "People’s Net" reported that media journalists were questioned on Sept. 13, if the Chinese Authorities delayed to report this incident on purpose due to the simultaneous occurance of the Beijing Olympics since this problem had been discovered before the Olympic Games. Gao Qiang, Secretary-General of the Ministry of Health replied, “It is true that the government of Hebei Province only received the report from Shijiazhuang City government on September 8. On the same day, the provincial government had already started to investigate on this case.” Gao continued, “I think their reactions to this incident was pretty fast, it has nothing to do with the Olympic Games.”
Ms. Han who is from Gansu Province, where most of the babies cases had been reported said that it can’t be forgiven if someone delays reporting the information of tainted baby formula because of political or economical reasons. She said, it is also can’t be understood or accepted even if it is due to the Olympic Games. Ms. Han said, “How stupid it is! I think it should not be that way. Just think about it, those are all lives. They are our kids—the next generation. How could someone do something like that? I was frightened and also very mad when I heard about it.” As to why authorities and the manufacturer reported the incident over one month after it was surfaced, Mr. Li from the Sichuan earthquake disaster areas said that as a consumer, he also can’t accept the delay on reporting the incident regardless if it had anything to do with the Olympic Games.
According to a report from Xinhua.net on Sept. 13, 2008, starting from March 2008, Sanlun had continually received complaints from those who had urinary problems. At the same time, the Sanlu Group did some investigation, including the investigation of the situation of children who had consumed the product, the quality of their products and milk suppliers. In July, kidney stone cases were found in Guangdong Province with questions arising about the quality of the Sanlu formula. During the same month, there more parents from Changsha, Nanjing, and Beijing submitted complaints. Xinhua's report claimed that Sanlu group had taken some actions, including the recall of products from supermarkets and the sealing up of products in storage.
In March 2007 in the U.S., a large number of dogs and cats reported died from eating pet food from two Chinese manufactures in Jiangsu and Shandong provinces. Soon after, it was revealed that melamine was added in some of wheat protein powders and rice protein powders imported from China. The Chinese government arrested several Chinese people and the incident was then silenced. The US government once asked to inspect the site of the manufacturing of pet foods, but only saw wrecked factory buildings that were demolished by bulldozers. A unique feature of the melamine (C3H6N6) is its high nitrogen content which can be up to 66%. In plant or grain protein based animal feeds, adding 1% melamine can increase the measured protein content by 4% with current protein content determination method and this costs very little.
Mr. Liao Xinbo, vice director of Health Department in Guangdong said in his article published Sept. 13, “I think hundreds of millions of Chinese people, without knowing it, have been eating pork, beef and chicken which are fed with contained melamine-containing feeds. [They have also been] drinking adult milk powders with the melamine added for many years. Unknowingly, everyone has been contaminated with Melamine.”“The Sanlu's scandal reflected that the problem of food safety in China is very serious. We are not sure if there is anything we can eat safely.” Liao added. One staff member from Milk department of Sanlu admitted to a Xinhua reporter, “This is a 'soft rib' in the entire industry. Unfortunately, it was Sanlun who was caught this time.”
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